All Against All: The long Winter of 1933 and the Origins of the Second World War

During a single winter, between November 1932 and April 1933, so much went wrong: Hitler came to power; Japan invaded Jehol and left the league of Nations; Mussolini looked towards Africa; Roosevelt was elected; France changed governments three times; and the victors of 1918 fell out acrimoniously over war debts, arms, currency, tariffs and Germany. New hopes flickered but not for long: a world economic conference was planned, only to collapse when the US went its own way. Weaving together stories from across the world, historian Paul Jankowski offers a cautionary tale relevant for Western democracies today.